Research approach and strategy analysis

inquiry glide path and strategy analysisIn this chapter inquiryer has presented the problem of the inquiry and empirical analysis has been done primarily with the in depth querys and also employ secondary literature for back up. This chapter will start with look into rule followed by the philosophy applied for the seek. research approaching and strategy ar further discussed, which will be applied during the entropy analysis. Researcher has further discussed the data collection rule, use for the findings and discussion. Finally, concluded with the estim fit constraint and limitations of research in the research.This research investigates the causes of employee in the Indian clamor bosom industry. Formulating and clarifying the research topic is the starting point of your research take to (Ghauri and Cronhaug, 2002). The Indian adjure centre industry is facing a huge challenge of employee turnover today which is effecting the growth of bellow centres in India and also loss of r eveningue. The HR managers have implemented various strategies to retain employees. But, still the employee turnover is at peak and in this competitive industry, its critical to find out the attain land for turnover and the present strategies in pattern by the managers to reduce the turnover. Thus, the purpose of the study is to look at the secern factors of turnover and shell practice to minimize it, by addressing following chiefsIdentify the factors leading to employee turnover in the Indian Call centre industry.Find out how Recruitment and Training quarter contribute to Turnover.Establish the issues waitd by Call centre Managers in India due to turnover.Find out the effective retention strategies by HR Managers in India.Establish whether there are whatever other best practices or innovative ways to reduce the employee turnover.Research MethodResearcher has followed the Onion parade illustrated by (Saunders et al, 2003) to start the research with the best possible out adopt.FPowerpointpe_ukPE083-SaundersFinal_FilesGifch04C04NF001.gif inception Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2006Researcher has used the onion process as the research method and has followed the pattern judicially through out the chapter. The detective has started the chapter with the outer part of the onion which is research philosophy. Here detective has tried to explain the philosophy which he is going to use in the research. Secondly, the research approach is been discussed to find out the correct approach for this research. Researcher has gone to the next layer by discussing the research strategy followed by time horizons. entropy collection method is done in the last phase of chapter and have disclosed the appropriate method used in the research.Research PhilosophyThe research philosophy depends on the way you think about the development of knowledge(Saunders et al, 2003). Many authors have discussed and defined research paradigms. To Guba (1 990, p.17), a research paradigm is a basic set of beliefs that guide action. Research paradigm helps in understanding the investigation better as business and direction police detectives we need to be alive(predicate) of commitment towards philosophy we make through our choice of research strategy. Johnson and Clark(2006) argues that the important issue is non so much whether our research should be philosophically informed, but it is how well we inform are satisfactory to reflect upon our philosophical choices. Corbetta (2003, p.13) presents a list of research paradigms as followsExplanation sagacityPositivist Post-positivist InterpretivistThere are two main paradigms named positivism and Interpretivism.Positivism was originated in nineteenth century, by French and English cultures and the further development was steered by the French culture (Corbetta, 2003).Positivists adopt the positive stance of the innate(p) scientist(Saunders,2003). Corbetta (2003) says positivist parad igm is the study of social reality utilizing the conceptual framework, the techniques of thoughtfulness and measurement, the instruments of mathematical analysis, and the procedures of the natural accomplishments. Positivism is a epistemological position that advocates the application of the methods of the natural sciences to the study of social reality and beyond(Bryman,2008). The methodology is noblely structured so that replication brush aside be facilitated. (Gill and Johnson, 1997 cited by Saunders et al,2003).Interpretivism emerged with the criticism of positivism, from researchers. The first criticism attack was made by German philosopher who said they are non homologous to the natural sciences, (Corbetta, 2003) and hence its not possible to separate researchers from their critics. Interpretivism helps in understanding the difference between humans in our role as social actors. Weber (1904, cited by Corbetta,2003) brought the concept of Verstehen into sociology which was more inclined toward objectivity rather than subjectivity of social science two in terms of everyday nature and value judgment. The Interpretivists aim at exploring the complexness of social phenomena with a view to gain interpretive understanding(Collins and Hussey,2009). Interpretivism overlooked the positivism approach towards subjectivity and used objectivity approach, built on the interpretations of individuals to understand the society. This open(a) the new era of sociological research with positivism being the former, the study of everyday biography.(Corbetta,2003).In my caseThe research in planned to explore, what are the key reasons for employee leaving the organization and what can be done by HR managers to reduce the turnover. The researcher has chosen the Interpretative philosophy as the research has to dole out with social issues. It has the elements like working culture within the organization, employee dissatisfaction and relationship with the management, this r esearch aims to locate some complex social issues. The researcher conducts the in depth ambiguous wonders observing the participant response to gain the understanding of research. The researcher feels Interpretivism is the most suitable method to do the further research.Research come alongAccording to Saunderss (2003), deductive and inductive are two main approaches which can be practised. Even though it does not hold any practical value, researcher argues that inductive approach owes more to Interpretivism and deductive approach to positivism.Inductive approach is generally is a bottom up approach and deductive approach is vice versa. Inductive approach starts with observation, then analyzing the data and finally developing the guess of the outcome. Deductive approach is in scientific research most of the time where you already have self-contained data, consequently you develop a hypothesis and decide whether to accept or reject and finally come to the conclusion with the sta tistics and data.(Burns and Burns,2008). It involves development of a theory that is subjected to a rigorous test and the attempt is made to verify the revised theory by going back to the first step and repeating the whole cycle(Hussey and Hussey, 1997 cited by Saunders et al,2003). Deductive theory is been criticized because of its rigid methodology that does not permit alternative explanations.(Saunders et, al).http// tribelearn.homestead.com/induct.gifInductive Approachhttp//www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/Assets/images/deduct.gifhttp//t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbnANd9GcQPzzir_nrIG4DS8apIXFhnySI_50Xo_nLyJa72skH2eFRV9ezgGwhttp//t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbnANd9GcQPzzir_nrIG4DS8apIXFhnySI_50Xo_nLyJa72skH2eFRV9ezgGwDeductive approachSource (Burns and Burns,2008)In Inductive approach, researchers look into the empirical observation and draw the conclusion based on it and in Deductive approach the conclusions are made through logical reasoning. The researcher argues that inductive approa ch in not 100% sure about the conclusions because it is based on the empirical observation, the other approach may not be true in reality, but it is logical (Gauri and Grenhoug, 2005). The inductive approach strength is that without an understanding the human interpretation in this social world, you can make a cause-effect link between two variables.(Saunders et al,2003). Hussey (1997cited by Saunders et al,2003) says deductive approach is a dominant approach in the natural sciences where law provides the infrastructure of explanation, permit the expected value of phenomena, predict their occurrence and therefore allow them to be controlled. However, the science philosopher Popper (1959, cited by Gauri and Grenhoug,2005) argues though there is no such thing as objective observation and thus since theories can never be proven to be true, they can whole be proven to be sour.Inductive approach is generally colligate to the qualitative research and the deductive approach to quanti tative research. Quantitative and Qualitative are the two main research methods (Blaikie, 2004). Quantitative research is generally bear on with the measurement and qualitative do not. (Layder,1993, cited by Gauri and Grohaug 2005). In qualitative research we are inclined towards the meaning and interpretation of the functioning of organization, social environment and relationships remote in the latter where the findings arrive with statistical methods. The main difference between these research methods is not the quality but the pattern, they follow, it also depends upon the polar perspective and the objective.(Gauri and Gronhaug,2005). The researcher has used the combined approach for the research as it gives the best outcome possible and gives more advantage to the research.(Saunders et al,2003).QualitativeResearchphenomenologicalinductiveholistic subjective/insider centeredprocess orientedanthropological worldviewrelative lack of controlgoal understand actors viewdynamic real ity assumed slice of lifediscovery orientedexplanatoryQuantitativeResearchpositivistichypothetico/deductiveparticularisticobjective/outsider centeredoutcome orientednatural science worldviewattempt to control variablesgoal find facts causesstatic reality assumed relative constancy in lifeverification orientedconfirmatorySource Cook and Reichardt (1979) http//qualitativeresearch.ratcliffs.net/1.htmIn my caseIn order to answer the research queries, research has to understand the human behaviour and the functions. Data collected from small numerate of carefully selected samples on relevant issues can be sufficient in this case (Patton, 1990, cited by Gauri and Gronhaug, 2005). It was not possible to float the questionnaire a ball up the call centre due to lack of time and availability. Therefore, researcher has conducted in depth interviews with the team up member and managers of different call centres. The interviews are done via telephone because it was easily handy and saves co st. Also it can be done in less amount of time and quickly. The only draw back is the researcher would not be able to witness the non-verbal behaviour because the interviews are not face to face interview. Researcher has tried to get the data of the research through value, needs and feeling of the employees by asking them open ended questions. The researcher has used simple and understandable language and has been choosy with the terminology. This will be a qualitative research in which researcher will provide the result on the basis of interviews. As researcher has also used literature to guide the questions, used combined method approach is used to get a better result.Research StrategyAccording to Saunders et al (2003), research strategy will be a general plan of how you will go about answering the research questions(s) you has set. It will give you a clear picture of your strategy being applied on the case and will give you a clear objective of your research question also will te ll the specific source considering the constraints like access to data, time, location, ethical issues etc. There are different strategies which can be used depending on your research method experiment, survey case study grounded theory ethnography action research cross sectional and longitudinal studies beta, descriptive and explanatory studies. These strategies can be used according to the need of the research and cannot be extra to one strategy, if the research demands, researcher can use multiple strategies. (Saunders et al, 2003).In my caseThe researcher uses the exploratory strategy in order to find the objective of the research. The strength of exploratory study helps you to give a strong backing to the finding by clarifying it and getting close to the objective. The researcher has conducted rigging structured interviews and has covered the questions through in depth interviews. Also few of the questions have been omitted and added as per the need of the interview. With the growth of natural science philosophers became increasingly aware that a deductivecan only bring out what is already implicit in its premises, and hence inclined to insist that all new knowledge must come from some form of induction.(Stebbins, 2001). The qualitative data and inductive approach has been approached to enhance the interpretation of data.Time HorizonThere are two types of time horizons, hybridize sectional and longitudinal. Cross sectional is generally referred as snap shot because it is conducted in a short period of time and Longitudinal is when a research is done through over a period of time, it is also called Diary.In my CaseDue to constraint of time, researcher had to take a snapshot at a particular time. The interviews are conducted over a short period of time using the qualitative method and whilst taken the cross sectional study.The cross sectional study is being approached to get the result for the research. The key factors for turn over and its resolution is calculated by conducting face to face interviews over a limited period of time. (Saunders et al, 2003).Data CollectionIt is very important that a successful research project must be based on high quality though process and research design must be based on flow of logic and number of assumptions which must be able to stand up to the closest scrutiny.(Saunders et al,2003).The research population for this study entails different managers from different companies. There are HR managers and operations managers being interview from the sr. management including the Team Leaders. Also different team members from different call centres were picked to make sure there are no biases. (Saunders et al, 2003).Using Primary Data through InterviewsSemi Structured InterviewAn Interview is purposeful discussion between two or more people(Kahn and Cannell, 1957 cited by Saunders et al, 2003). Due to the shortage of people to fill the questionnaires, researcher has attempted to contact the potentia l interviewees by conducting carriagetrailer structured interviews. According to Ghauri and Gronhaug (2005),To be able to run the interview efficiently and without any disturbances, the researcher needs to know the respondent, his background, values and expectations. Keeping all this in mind, researcher has tried to fulfil all the expectations. Interviews are often considered the best data collection methods and can be done vial mail, telephone or in person.InterviewsInterview by phonePersonal InterviewInterview by mailA typology of interviewsSource Ghauri and Gronhaug(2005)The researcher has conducted all the interviews via telephone and recorded it due to time and constraint otherwise researcher had to go to India to conduct the face to face interviews.Researcher was able to gather valid and reliable data for the research question and objective through these interviews. Through semi structured interview, researcher covered the set of questions with the interviewees. Researcher p referred semi structured interview because it was in expensive and the database to sample was not huge, also it gave freedom to use the question according to need of the situation. Researcher has prepared open ended questions and has made two different sets. The first set is made for the team members and has two different scenarios, first being the current job and the second is on the previous job experience if applicable. The second set of questions is for the managers which will discuss the impacts of turnover and the best practice which can be implemented in Indian call centre industry.When you are undertaking an exploratory study, or a study that includes an exploratory element it is likely that you will include qualitative research interview in your approach (Cooper and Schindler, 1998). As researcher have talked to interviewees to find out the reason of turnover(Why do they leave) and also what can be done to minimize it?, basically their beliefs and behaviour in respect to tu rnover, the exploratory compliments the semi structured interview very well by adding value to it. The researcher has ensured the quality of the primary data was unbiased and reliable. The researcher has tried be unbiased while conducting the interviews with both managers and team members ensuring there is no hierarchy biases.Researcher has ensured that the interviews were compiled in short period of time keeping the constraint of time in mind. It took just 3 days to transcript the interviews and making sure that data was valid and accurate. Also interview had taken the permission before hand from the interviewees and did send the voice recording for their reference. This has omitted the possibility of data being misplaced or misused in a short period of time.(Ghauri and Gronhaug,2002). The interview questions are included as a part of Appendices (Appendix A and B).Access to DataResearcher got the access to interviewees by emailing the research questions to the employees and the ma nagers in the Indian call centres. As researcher has 5 days of working experience working in the same industry, it was easy to approach the managers and the team members for the interview. They all are the inbound call centres with different customer serve well processes. Researcher managed to conduct interview with 5 managers from different call centres and 7 team members from different call centres again. All the interviews lasted between 30 to 45 proceedings and the permission was taken by the interviewees. Interviewees are from Wipro, American express, SITEL India and V care, all these companies are the leading call centres in India. The interviewee is conducted with the operations manager, training head and HR manager from 4 different call centres in India and team members participated from 5 different call centres. All the participants are Indian, 11 male and 2 distaff have participated in the interview. The managers and team members are mostly graduates who have pursued t heir education from different universities. Most of the employees participated are from Gurgaon, India which is the main hub of call centres. The interviewee in the research will be abbreviated as Interviewee A, Interviewee B, Interviewee C, Interviewee D, Interviewee E, Interviewee F, Interviewee G and Interviewee 1, Interviewee 2, Interviewee 3, Interviewee4, Interviewee5 as employees and the mangers respectively, with their opinion based on the interview questions.Using Secondary DataResearcher has used the primary data as the main source, but has also referred to some of the journals for better insight. The secondary data has collected to compare with the interviews to make the base even stronger and has added value to the research. In this research, qualitative secondary data has been studied which comes under the category of compiled data, which has helped to get an inference on the turnover in the India Call ticker Industry. The author has assured that the secondary data col lected is from repute cites and the data is absolutely valid and reliable.Qualitative DataThe research study is analysed on the basis of qualitative data in a well planned manner and the approach is inductive, therefore the qualitative data will reflect the inductive approach. (Robson 2002 cited by Saunders et al, 2003) has said the qualitative data are the characterized by their richness and fullness based on the level of exploration of the subject, whilst researcher has concentrated in the qualitative data, which remains the key factor for the research with the interpretation of data. Researcher has used the exploratory strategy among the different methods to find out the result. The strategy adopted is Interpretivist, semi structured and inductive type of qualitative analysis.(Saunders et al,2003).In my caseResearcher has taken in depth interviews with the managers and the team members of the different call centres through semi structured interviews. Secondary data has also been used marginally in order to back up the primary data. Researcher has conducted the first phase of interview with team members to find out the key factors of turn over and then with mangers to find the best practice to minimize the turnover through qualitative data.Research Methodology OverviewThe summary of the research methodology is categorized below for reference.PhaseMethodResearch PhilosophyInterpretive research philosophyResearch ApproachCombined approach inductive and deductiveResearch StrategyExploratory methodTime HorizonCross sectional which includes indepth interview with different call centre managers and team members.Research Data Collection methodsSemi structured interview and secondary dataEthical ConstraintWells defines Ethics in term of a code of behaviour appropriate to academics and the conduct of the search. It is important that the interviewees be aware of the transparency of the data. They should be mad aware of, for what purpose the interview is being conducte d and to what extend will that be used for the academic purpose. The research should keep the ethical constraint in mind and without harming the research population to humiliation. (Saunders et al,2003).In my caseResearcher has given ethics the highest priority to ethics as it can lead to integrity issue. Researcher has assured that the data provided by the respondents are kept confidential as per the laws of Call Centres and have hidden their original identity. Researcher had to face constraint while getting the interviews done with the managers of different call centre. The researcher has assured that all the interviews were recorded over the phone and has kept it with him securely as it is confidential. Researcher has also pre informed the purpose of interview to the Managers and the team member. However they have been assured that the names used will be different due to integrity issue and will be used only for the academic purpose.Limitations of MethodologyThe major limitation of the research is the time constraint and the availability of interviewees.The researcher wanted to go to India, personally to conduct the interviews, as the research is based on the Turnover in Indian call centres. Due to time constraint, researcher had to take interviews over the phone in a limited period of time. Also, due to less availability of interviewees, researcher could not conduct the surveys, but had to settle with the in depth interviews. The researcher has taken interviews with manager of reputed call centres and also with number of team members.Grix, J.(2004) The foundations of research. Palgrave Macmillan.Saunders, M., Lewis, P., Thorn hill, A(200) Research Methods for subscriber line Students 5th ed. Essex Pearson education limitedCorbetta, P(2003) Social Research Theory, Methods, Techniques. London Sage publicationCollis, J., Hussey, R.(2009). Business research A practical guide for undergraduate and post graduate students. 3rd ed Basingstoke Palgrave Macmillan. Burns, R., Burns, R(2008). Business Research Methods and Statistics using SPSS.London Sage publicationGauri,P., Grenhoug, K(2005)Research Methods in Business Stuidies. England Pearsono Education limitedBlaikie, N(2004) Designing Social Research. Cambridge Polity press.Stubbins, R(2001)Exploratory Research In The Social Sciences.online. Available from http//books.google.co.uk/books?hl=enlr=id=hDE13_a_oEsCoi=fndpg=PR5dq=exploratory+research+quatationsots=NjPGX3EDxKsig=ROhiiChNXY2ssFUEN_0DfQrmzvAv=onepageqf=false